Armies and navies have changeable stances on the campaign map. Stances determine factors such as total movement points per turn or the ability to deploy traps for an ambush. The "Forced March" stance allows an army to march further, but will tire out its soldiers, reducing their fighting ability and leaving them vulnerable to ambush; the "Defensive Stance" enables fortifications such as stakes or redoubts and the "Ambush Stance" enables traps such as fireballs and sulphur pits. Armies and fleets can contain a maximum of 20 units and must have a general or admiral to lead them. A faction's power, or "imperium", determines the number of armies it can raise. A faction can gain more imperium by conquering more regions or acquiring more gold. Players can also name units in an army and change their emblems.[10]
rome 2 total war emperor edition 14
At age 14, she was taken in to be an imperial concubine to Emperor Taizong (598-649). She began life at court in the laundry, but her beauty and intelligence inspired the emperor to make her his secretary.
St. Valentine was later arrested again for continuing to try to convert people to Christianity. He was sent to Rome under the emperor Claudius Gothicus (Claudius II). According to the popular hagiographical identity, and what is believed to be the first representation of St. Valentine, the Nuremberg Chronicle, St. Valentine was a Roman priest martyred during Claudius' reign. The story tells that St. Valentine was imprisoned for marrying Christian couples and aiding Christians being persecuted by Claudius in Rome. Both acts were considered serious crimes. A relationship between the saint and emperor began to grow, until Valentine attempted to convince Claudius of Christianity. Claudius became raged and sentenced Valentine to death, commanding him to renounce his faith or be beaten with clubs and beheaded.
Framing one's questions about the Roman empire in terms of Roman modes of expansion, and Roman intentions and reflections, separable in time and space from the subjects whose elites (at best) "aped Roman ways and collaborated with their Roman rulers" (2), is to miss the opportunity to engage with some of the more challenging analyses of Roman imperial power of recent decades. These include Fergus Millar's The Emperor in the Roman World, 31 BC-AD337 (1977), Simon Price's Rituals and Power: the Roman Imperial Cult in Asia Minor (1984), and Clifford Ando's Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman Empire (2000), all missing from the bibliography. The Emperor in the Roman World turned out to be a game-changer insofar as it shifted our focus from the Roman center looking outwards towards the provinces to the provinces looking inwards towards Rome. Instead of thinking in terms of the emperor's role and responsibilities as defined by law, or trying to reconstruct the emperor's intentions and policies, Millar emphasized the reactive nature of imperial rule and the extent to which Rome's subjects created the emperor's role through petitions and requests. Price completely rethought the dynamics of the 'imperial cult' and the power dynamics it entailed, factoring in provincial agency at least as much as direction from the center, while Ando's emphasis on empire as a series of participatory rituals expanded the focus far beyond the religious sphere.
civitatis, civitas) was granted in the times of the emperors to whole provinces and cities (Dio Cass. 41:25; Suet. Aug. 47), as also to single individuals (Tacit. Annal. 1:58; Sueton. Nero, 12; Dio Cass. 43:39; Appian, Civ. 3. 26), for some service rendered to the state (Cic. Balb. 22) or the imperial family (Sueton. Aug. 47), sometimes through mere favor (Tacit. Hist. 3. 41), or even for a certain sum of money (Ac 22:28; Dio Cass. 41, 24; see Heinecc. Antiq. jur. Romans 1, 1, 11 sq.). The apostle Paul was a Roman citizen (civis natus, Sueton. Calig. 38; see Amntzen, De civitate Romans apost. Pauli, Utr. 1725) by family (Acts, 1.c.) SEE TARSUS, and hence his protesting against corporal or capital punishment (Ac 16:37; comp. Cic. Verr. v. 57, 65; Eusebius Hist. Eccles. 5, 1, etc.). It appears from a variety of passages in the classic writers that a Roman citizen could not legally be scourged (virgis or flagellis coedi); this punishment being deemed to the last degree dishonorable, and the most daring indignity and insult upon the Roman name. Such was the famous "Porcia Lex." "A Roman citizen, judges," exclaims Cicero, in his oration against Verres, "was publicly beaten with rods in the forum of Messina; during this public I dishonor, no groan, no other expression of the unhappy wretch was heard amid the cruelties he suffered, and the sound of the strokes that were inflicted, but this: 'I am a Roman citizen!'" Neither was it lawful for a Roman citizen to be bound, or to be examined by the question, or torture, to extort a confession from him. These punishments were deemed servile; torture was only inflicted upon slaves; freemen were exempted from this inhumanity and ignominy. The right once obtained descended to a man's children (Ac 22:28; see Zimmern, Gesch. des rom. Privat-rechts, 1, 2, 441). The Jews had rendered signal services to Julius Caesar in the Egyptian war (Josephus, Ant. 14, 8, 1 and 2), and it is not improbable that many obtained the freedom of the city on that ground; certain it is that great numbers of Jews who were Roman citizens were scattered over Greece and Asia Minor (Ant. 14, 10, 13 and 14). Among the privileges attached to citizenship, the most noteworthy was the above, that a man could not be bound or imprisoned without a formal trial (Ac 20:29), still less be scourged (Ac 16:37; Cic. Verr. 5:63, 66); the simple assertion of citizenship was sufficient to deter a magistrate from such a step (Ac 22:25; Cic. Verr. v. 62), as any infringement of the privilege was visited with severe punishment. A Jew could only plead exemption from such treatment before a Roman magistrate; he was still liable to it from Jewish authorities (2Co 11:24; Selden, Syn. 2, 15, 11). Another privilege attaching to citizenship was the appeal from a provincial tribunal to the emperor at Rome (Ac 25:11). SEE APPEAL. The rights of the Roman citizen included several other important privileges: he had a full right over his property, his children, and his dependents; he had a voice in the assemblies of the people, and in the election of magistrates; and his testament had full authority after his death. See Smith's Dict. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Civitas; Sigon. De antiquojure civ. Roman. (Par. 1572; Hal. 1715; also in Grasvii Thesaur. 1); Spanheim, Orbis Romans (London, 1703; Hal. 1728); Cellarii Dissertatt. p. 715 sq.; also Bittner, De civ. Romans virgideniis exempt. (Jen. 1672); Lange, De immunitate civ. Roman. (Hafn. 1710). SEE FREEMAN. 2ff7e9595c
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